GE, Aéroport de Genève

Règlement d’exploitation, decision CRINEN du 23 mars 2006 /cause no Z-2001-79)

Final propositions of ARAG

1. Introduction

The final observations of ARAG were posted to OFAC on 30 April, thus meeting the deadline for the final observations of all interested parties. These observations were to a great extent based upon several more detailed documents, all available on the ARAG Web site via the URL

http://www.aragge.ch/CRINEN

These detailed documents each normally included an Executive Summary section, and these sections are repeated in the subsequent sections of this document. This particular document also includes such a summary, giving overall details of what are the ARAG proposals.

The different proposals by ARAG all originated as a consequence of the Geneva airport curfew proposals by CRINEN and the subsequent observations made by interested parties. These proposals have been refined in the light of the recent economic events, which have significantly affected the evolution of the quantity and scheduling of aircraft movements, rendering previous forecasts for traffic growth as no longer valid. They have also taken into account the position taken by OFEV[1] concerning the report of the AIG, which has made some important criticisms of shortcomings and omissions in the AIG report.

Primarily, however, the proposals have been based upon a detailed analysis of all aircraft movements at Geneva airport over the past two years. At the time that the original submissions were made by EMPA[2], SH&E[3] and the AIG[4]  all details of aircraft movements, in particular those of flights other than ones regularly scheduled by major airlines operating from Geneva airport, were unavailable to the general public. However, the introduction in April 2008 of the web-based Geneva Airport Movement Enquiry (GAME[5]) has made it possible to evaluate the actual situation, as compared to the forecasts as made several years ago. These evaluations have revealed how the current situation is far from what was foreseen                                                                                    according to forecasts made 5 years ago (which, even then, appeared not to reflect reality!).                                                                                                     

2. Executive Summary

With regard to an evening curfew, ARAG proposes that this should operate from 2300, with a grace period initially of one hour, later to be reduced to, as now, 30 minutes. However, for the particular case of the final Swiss flight from Zurich to Geneva (scheduled to arrive at Geneva around 2315 and having an excellent punctuality record), derogations should normally be given to the occasional late arrival on the basis that it is an important flight internal to Switzerland. Of course, it would be preferable to see this latter flight rescheduled for at least 30 minutes earlier.

With regard to a morning curfew, ARAG proposes that this should operate until 0700. However, there should be exceptions for the outgoing flight to Zurich, normally scheduled for 0600, and for incoming long-distance flights, which may often arrive in advance due to meteorological situations.

Concerning a weekend and bank holiday curfew, ARAG sees it unrealistic to ask regular scheduled airlines, which often operate at the same time of day on all 7 days of the week, to change these schedules. However, ARAG proposes that any one-off scheduling of commercial flights before 0800 should not be accepted by the AIG unless they are for a relatively large number of people, use very modern and quiet aircraft and are openly documented.

ARAG also believes that the current surcharges, especially for late departures of noisy aircraft, serve no purpose other than to augment the financial funds of the AIG and to enable the airlines concerned to consider that they are effectively buying the right to schedule late movements. Furthermore, there is absolutely no penalty for excessively late arrivals (in the final grace period, currently from 24h00 to 00h30). ARAG proposes that not only should there be a significant monetary charge for all such grace period movements (which should arguably be paid to the authorities of the communes flown over by these aircraft), but also there should be a detailed explanation, available to the public at large, for each such unwelcome event). Such detailed explanations should also be available for any flights for which the AIG accords derogations (such as ones at times when the airport is normally closed to commercial traffic).

In a more general sense, and taking into account recent advances in freedom of information legislation in many countries, ARAG finds it increasingly difficult to accept that, whilst for any regularly scheduled movement of aircraft of major airlines it is easy to obtain a minimum of information (scheduled movement time, airline and flight identification and an indication of any delay), for any other movements (except for some charters) there is absolutely no available information. ARAG therefore proposes that the AIG web site should offer the possibility to be informed of all of the planned commercial flights, not just those currently shown, together with an indication of what delays might be expected. Such information should surely be useful for both the passengers on these flights and anyone wishing to liaise with them.

Finally, ARAG proposes that the only serious discouragement to particularly noisy aircraft at unsociable hours of the day is to restrict the time window in which aircraft on noisier classes are permitted to schedule movements, and to the period in which they are actually permitted to take place. This time window would shrink by one hour morning and evening for each level of class below the least noisy class. There would, however, be a requirement during an interim period for accepting arrivals early in the morning of overnight flights, many of which currently use Boeing 767 aircraft belonging to noise class III.

As a result of detailed analyses of the current situation, ARAG believes that all of the above proposals are quite feasible, and would greatly benefit the residents living around the airport without having any serious consequence on the economic health of the airport, of the airlines using it or of the requirements of passengers to connect to hub airports or to spend an entire day in various important business destinations by departing in the morning and returning in the evening.

3. Evening curfew proposal

The practical implications of an earlier curfew, at 2300 instead of 2400, whilst retaining a grace period of either 30 minutes, is examined relative to the main categories of late arrivals or departures, whether regularly-scheduled commercial passenger flights of classical or low-cost airlines, all-cargo flights and  the remaining miscellaneous arrivals and departures.

 

In considering these implications, the examination takes note of the various arguments advanced in the EMPA, SH&E and AIG observations in order to resist any change to the current midnight curfew. It is clearly demonstrated that, even for those arguments which might in the past have had some validity, none are now sufficiently important to make the supposedly disastrous economic consequences at all likely.

 

With respect to aircraft landings, a principle argument put forward in the SH&E report was that

 

 If the last flights from connecting hubs could not reach Geneva before the extended curfew hours, those flights would be cancelled

 

All returning flights of hub airlines, with the exception of the late Swiss flight from Zurich and a summer-only return of TAP from Porto (hardly an important hub!), all are scheduled well before 2300 and are very punctual. Thus, by treating the Swiss flight as a special internal flight, this argument ceases to be valid.

 

The return, on their last rotation, of the various easyJet aircraft, shows a highly regrettable tendency to lateness. Although they are all scheduled to arrive well in advance of the incoming Swiss flight from Zurich, in reality it is very often true that at least one easyJet aircraft lands later than the Swiss flight. In March 2010 the records show this happening on 22 of the 31 nights (despite several easyJet returns which, whilst scheduled, did not take place). Thus, easyJet has in any case to improve the lamentable lateness record (to something akin to that of its parent company): a gradual move of the absolute limit (the end of the grace period) would be a good incentive.

 

A curfew at 2300 will cause virtually no problems with regularly scheduled departures, since almost all are normally before 2200. The only difficult cases might be the usual flight of Air Mauritius if it continues to be scheduled after 2200 in the winter period, plus a small number of late departures of business jets, for whom the operators would no doubt vociferously defend their right to allow a privileged clientele to depart until midnight. Neither of these cases can justify the retention of the curfew hour at midnight.

 

It is therefore evident that, for the ARAG proposal to have a curfew from 2300, with a grace period initially of one hour, later descending to 30 minutes, plus a special dispensation for the final incoming internal Swiss flight from Zurich, is entirely feasible and would contribute greatly to a longer period of quietness at night for the thousands of residents living around the airport.

 

4. Morning curfew proposal

An examination of the data effectively shows that none of the reasons invoked for a refusal to install a curfew from 0600 to 0700 have any real validity, excepting the case of the first flight out every day, a flight operated by Swiss, leaving Geneva at 0600 for Zürich. It may be argued that this should be considered a special case, given that it is an important hub flight and an internal Swiss flight useful for Swiss businesses.

 

The most strident objections to any such curfew would doubtless come from easyJet, who have nearly half of their aircraft which take off before 0700 each day. However, it is demonstrated that the effect on easyJet Swiss would be marginal and could be compensated for by slightly modifying their schedules.

One obvious requirement would be to accept incoming long-distance flights which arrive ahead of schedule (no-one wants to see them aimlessly circling around with a lot of tired passengers on-board). This could be accommodated by treating the period from 0600 to 0700 in a manner akin to the current late night grace period from 2400 to 0030. Such a treatment could also allow the AIG to give derogations for special (unforeseen and exceptional) events which may have occurred the previous evening. Obvious examples might include a ferry flight for aircraft caught in the wrong place overnight or a flight which was unable to leave Geneva very late the previous night.

 

Of course, as with the existing grace period, it is one of the demands of ARAG that any such use of grace periods should be detailed in an open manner, rather than (as at present) being restricted to a closed dialogue between the AIG and OFAC. Residents around Geneva airport could then perhaps understand why they have been disturbed at unusual and unsociable times of the day or night.

 

With regard to the possibility of a curfew until 0800 at weekends and public holidays, ARAG does not regard this as a feasible proposition. It would be very difficult for the scheduled airlines, which often schedule flights for the same time on every day of every week, to meet this constraint. It would be even more difficult for them to meet constraints on public holidays, some of which could be specific to Switzerland, even to particular Swiss cantons.

 

5. Options to noise surcharges on very delayed movements

ARAG is of the opinion that the noise surcharges, in particular the extra surcharges on late takeoffs, are insufficiently high to make any real impression on either the aircraft used or the scheduling of movements. This is unlikely to change when eventually the noise classification of aircraft is brought more up to date.

However, simply raising these charges in any significant manner would doubtless be justifiably resisted by the airlines concerned, on the basis that they have no desire to be responsible for late movements and are very often in no way responsible for their lateness. As an example, if there are unusual ATFM delays, whether at Geneva or elsewhere, that cause a delay, the airline should not be held entirely responsible.

It is also regrettable that there is no penalty whatsoever for any very late arrivals (ones during the grace period, currently from midnight to 00h30). As with late departures, these very late arrivals may not be the direct responsibility of the airline concerned. They may, however, be indirectly caused by movement schedules which are sometimes difficult to adhere to.

ARAG can see that some of the measures which the AIG has envisaged could be beneficial. However, particularly because they are not all precisely defined, they should not be considered as a replacement for other measures, in particular the different curfew possibilities.

ARAG therefore believes that the AIG should concentrate on those measures which will have a direct and immediate impact on the actual noise nuisances, rather than on those which will generate extra revenue to be used on soundproofing. It is wrong to think that soundproofing buildings should be a replacement for a reduction in noise.

Finally, the most effective method could be that for every takeoff after 23h00 and every landing after 24h00 the AIG, together with the company concerned, should provide a documented explanation for the lateness. As well as being sent to OFAC, these explanations should be included in the monthly “Relevé des nuisances sonores”. They should then be reviewed at every meeting of the CCLNTA.

6. More open access to information

All commercial movements for which there is currently no information in the list of the day’s arrivals or departures, as shown on the web site of the AIG and also the teletext on TSR television emissions, should have a minimum of information available via separate pages on this web site. Whilst respecting the confidentiality aspects, it should be possible at least to identify the airline company operating the flight, its scheduled and predicted movement time, and even the partner airport concerned.

 

In a manner akin to the services offered via the European Aircraft Noise Services (EANS) web site for the various noise monitoring stations installed around the airport by ARAG and ATCR-AIG, it should be possible to consult the information recorded by each of the MIABA stations.

 

In a similar manner again to these services of EANS, and also to services offered at other European airports (e.g. Gatwick[6]), plus also the real-time system for Zurich airport [7], it should be possible to show almost in real time the trajectories of particular aircraft or at particular times of day.

The monthly “Relevé des nuisances sonores”, which is distributed to the CCLNTA and other various interested bodies, should document all cases of aircraft movements for which a report has of necessity had to be sent to OFAC. This would be an important step away from the current situation, in which neither OFAC nor the AIG will allow people residing around Geneva airport to know why they may have been disturbed by very noisy and/or late (or even early) aircraft.

7. Reduction in the daily time window for noisy aircraft

The essential concept of the proposal is that for jet aircraft used for commercial scheduled and charter flights, all aircraft which are not in the AIP noise class V (the least noisy aircraft) will have a reduced daily time window in which they may operate. For class IV aircraft the reduction will be one hour morning and evening, whilst for classes I, II and III the reduction will be two hours morning and evening. However, for an interim period (until the aircraft are replaced by newer and quieter ones, it will be necessary to accept overnight incoming flights from 0600.

For commercial aviation which forms part of general aviation (primarily business jets) the daily operational window for class V aircraft will be reduced by one hour morning and evening, whilst for the other, noisier classes, it will be reduced by two hours morning and evening.

For all other aviation, including non-commercial jets, the reduction will be two hours morning and evening.

It is also proposed that there be a noise surcharge on arrivals which take place in the delay margin window (currently between midnight and 00h29 for all aircraft. This noise surcharge should be sufficient so as to be a genuine deterrent against such arrivals. In addition, the operator concerned for any movement operating in the delay margin window, whether arrivals or departures, in agreement with the AIG, should be required to submit an explanation of why this was necessary.

As a counterbalance, the AIG could request the right to waive noise surcharges, for both departures and arrivals, for the same reasons as those allowing derogations to be given to movements outside the operating window, i.e. in cases of exceptional and unforeseeable events. As with derogations currently given for commercial movements after 0h30, the reason for each waived surcharge should be documented by the AIG and submitted to OFAC.

Finally, the monthly “Relevé des nuisances sonores”, which is distributed to the CCLNTA and other various interested bodies, should document all the above cases for which a report has gone to OFAC. This would constitute an important advance on the current situation, in which neither OFAC nor the AIG allow people residing around Geneva airport to know why they may have been disturbed by very noisy and/or very late (or even very early) aircraft.

It is also assumed that, as has been proposed and agreed in principle already some years ago, the noise classification of aircraft should be revised to reflect modern standards of quietness for aircraft. This would have the effect of demoting various aircraft types into a lower class. The aircraft operators would then have the option of using quieter aircraft, rescheduling their flights or of risking that flights outside the shorter operational window would have to be cancelled or diverted.

 

 

 



[1] GE, Aéroport de Genève

Règlement d’exploitation, decision CRINEN du 23 mars 2006 (cause no Z-2001-79)

Prise de position concernant le Rapport de l’AIG, 21.12.2009

[2] Evaluation de limitations supplémentaires des vols nocturnes sur l’Aéroport de Genève, Calculs et analyses du bruit, EMPA Nr. 445'300, 8 juin 2007

[3] Evaluation of Additional Night Operating Restrictions at Geneva International Airport.

Prepared for Aéroport International de Genève by SH&E, Inc., May 2007

[4] Observations pour Aéroport International de Genève, Me Olivier Jornot, 5 octobre 2007, OFAC reference 3561/3/31/31-06

[5] http://www.aragge.ch/game.html

[6] http://lgw.webtrak-lochard.com/template/index.html

[7] http://radar.zhaw.ch/radar.html